Adobe Photoshop

Basic Information

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe for Windows and macOS. It was created in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll, with its initial release on February 19, 1990.

• Model/Version: Adobe Photoshop (Desktop)
• Release Date: February 19, 1990 (Initial Release)
• Supported Operative Systems:
  • Windows 10 64-bit (version 21H2 or later)
  • Windows 11
  • macOS Big Sur (version 11.0) or later (macOS Ventura 13.5.1 or later recommended)
  • iPadOS 17 or later
  • iOS 17 or later
  • Android 11 or later
• Latest Stable Version:
  • Desktop: Version 27.0 (released October 28, 2025) (Note: Version 26.4.1 was the latest as of March 2025)
  • iPad: Version 5.5.2
• End of Support Date: Not explicitly defined as a fixed date due to its continuous development model. Adobe provides ongoing updates and support for recent versions under its subscription service.
• End of Life Date: Not explicitly defined. As a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) product, older versions eventually become unsupported, but the product itself undergoes continuous evolution.
• Auto-update Expiration Date: Not applicable; updates are continuous with an active Creative Cloud subscription.
• License Type: Proprietary, Trialware, term-based subscription.
• Deployment Model: Cloud-based (Adobe Creative Cloud subscription) with local application installation. Online services and features require an internet connection.

Technical Requirements

• RAM:
  • Minimum: 8 GB
  • Recommended: 16 GB or more
• Processor:
  • Multicore Intel or AMD processor (2 GHz or faster) with SSE 4.2 or later and 64-bit support
  • ARM-based Apple Silicon processor
• Storage:
  • Minimum: 20 GB of available hard disk space for installation (Note: Some sources indicate 4 GB or 10 GB minimum for Windows)
  • Recommended: 100 GB of available hard disk space for scratch disks. Fast internal SSD for application installation and a separate internal drive for scratch disks are highly recommended.
• Display:
  • Minimum: 1280 x 800 resolution at 100% UI scaling
  • Recommended: 1920 x 1080 resolution or greater at 100% UI scaling
• Graphics:
  • GPU with DirectX 12 (feature level 12_0 or later) and 1.5 GB of GPU memory
  • Recommended: GPU with DirectX 12 support and 4 GB of GPU memory for 4K displays or greater
  • macOS: GPU with Metal support and 1.5 GB of GPU memory (4 GB for 4K displays or greater recommended)
  • GPUs less than 7 years old are preferred, with updated display drivers from the manufacturer's website.
• Ports: Not specifically listed, but standard USB/Thunderbolt ports are assumed for peripheral connectivity. An internet connection is required for software activation, subscription validation, and access to online services.
• Operating System: Windows 10 64-bit (version 21H2 or later) or Windows 11; macOS Big Sur (version 11.0) or later.

Analysis of Technical Requirements

Adobe Photoshop is a resource-intensive application, particularly when handling large files, complex layers, or utilizing advanced features like AI-powered tools and 3D rendering. Meeting the recommended technical specifications, especially for RAM, processor speed, and GPU memory, is crucial for optimal performance and a smooth user experience. While minimum requirements allow the software to run, a system with a powerful multi-core processor, 16 GB or more of RAM, and a dedicated GPU with ample VRAM significantly enhances responsiveness and efficiency. The recommendation for SSD storage for the application and separate scratch disks underscores the importance of fast I/O for demanding workflows. Users on less powerful hardware may experience slower performance and longer processing times.

Support & Compatibility

• Latest Version: Desktop: 27.0 (released October 28, 2025); iPad: 5.5.2.
• OS Support: Comprehensive support for current major operating systems including Windows 10 (64-bit) and 11, macOS Big Sur (11.0) and later, iPadOS 17+, iOS 17+, and Android 11+.
• End of Support Date: Adobe operates on a continuous update model for Creative Cloud applications. Specific end-of-support dates for individual versions are not publicly fixed, but older versions eventually cease to receive updates and may lose compatibility with newer operating systems or features.
• Localization: Available in 26 languages, including American English, British English, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Turkish, and Ukrainian.
• Available Drivers: Requires up-to-date GPU drivers from the graphics card manufacturer for optimal performance and stability. Adobe recommends GPUs less than 7 years old.

Analysis of Overall Support & Compatibility Status

Adobe Photoshop demonstrates strong support and compatibility across its ecosystem. Its availability on multiple desktop and mobile operating systems, coupled with extensive localization, ensures accessibility for a global user base. The continuous update model of Adobe Creative Cloud means users always have access to the latest features and security patches, provided their subscription is active and their operating system meets current requirements. However, users must actively maintain updated GPU drivers to leverage hardware acceleration and ensure smooth operation. The lack of explicit end-of-support dates for older versions necessitates users to stay relatively current with updates to maintain full functionality and security.

Security Status

• Security Features:
  • Deeply ingrained security practices throughout the software development lifecycle.
  • Defense-in-depth approach to security.
  • 24x7 security operations center and threat responders.
  • Bug bounty program to identify and address vulnerabilities.
  • Uses HTTPS TLS v1.2 to protect data in transit.
  • Encrypts user assets at rest with AES 256-bit encryption when stored on Adobe Photoshop API storage servers.
  • Integrates with Adobe Identity Management Services (IMS) for robust authentication and authorization.
• Known Vulnerabilities: Adobe Photoshop has a history of reported Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). Recent vulnerabilities include:
  • Use After Free vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 26.0 and earlier) that could lead to arbitrary code execution.
  • Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 24.7.3, 25.11, 25.12, 26.1 and earlier) potentially resulting in arbitrary code execution.
  • Out-of-Bounds Write vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 24.7.4, 25.11 and earlier) leading to arbitrary code execution.
  • Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 24.7.1, 25.0 and earlier) that could disclose sensitive memory.
  • Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 26.8.1 and earlier, 22.5.8, 23.4.2 and earlier) enabling arbitrary code execution.
  • Uncontrolled Search Path Element vulnerabilities (e.g., in versions 25.12, 26.1 and earlier) that could lead to arbitrary code execution.
  Exploitation of many of these vulnerabilities typically requires user interaction, such as opening a malicious file. Adobe regularly releases security updates (APSBs) to address these issues.
• Blacklist Status: No information found indicating a general blacklist status for Adobe Photoshop.
• Certifications: Adobe applies security processes and controls to comply with industry-accepted standards, regulations, and certifications. The Adobe Certified Professional (ACP) program validates user proficiency in Photoshop.
• Encryption Support: HTTPS TLS v1.2 for data in transit; AES 256-bit encryption for user assets at rest on API storage servers.
• Authentication Methods: Adobe Identity Management Services (IMS) for managing access, including authentication and authorization. Service Account authentication is supported for Photoshop APIs.
• General Recommendations: Users should promptly apply all security updates released by Adobe. Exercise caution when opening files from unknown or untrusted sources, as many vulnerabilities require user interaction for exploitation.

Analysis on the Overall Security Rating

Adobe Photoshop maintains a robust security posture, underpinned by comprehensive security features integrated into its development and operational processes. Adobe's commitment to security is evident through its 24/7 security operations, bug bounty programs, and adherence to industry standards. Data in transit and at rest (for API storage) benefits from strong encryption protocols. Despite these measures, like many complex software applications, Photoshop is subject to periodic discovery of vulnerabilities. Adobe consistently addresses these through regular security updates, which are critical for users to install promptly to mitigate potential risks. The overall security rating is strong, provided users adhere to best practices, such as keeping the software updated and exercising caution with untrusted content.

Performance & Benchmarks

• Benchmark Scores: Specific, publicly available benchmark scores for Adobe Photoshop were not found in the provided information. Performance is generally discussed in terms of real-world usage and comparisons.
• Real-world Performance Metrics:
  • Optimized for performance and highly stable on both Windows and macOS.
  • Leverages GPU acceleration, making it faster for intensive tasks.
  • Performance can be slow when handling heavy files or on systems with less powerful hardware (e.g., medium-powered laptops).
  • Smooth and intuitive for tasks like resizing or color correction once users are familiar with the interface.
• Power Consumption: Not specifically detailed for the software itself. Power consumption is primarily dependent on the underlying hardware running the application.
• Carbon Footprint: Adobe Inc. (the parent company) reported total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of approximately 612,099,000 kg CO2e across all scopes in 2023. Adobe aims for a 35% reduction in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2025 (from a 2018 baseline) and net-zero emissions across all scopes by 2050.
• Comparison with Similar Assets (e.g., GIMP):
  • Performance: Photoshop is generally faster and more stable, especially for intensive tasks, due to optimization and GPU acceleration. GIMP may struggle with large files and lacks GPU acceleration, leading to slower performance for certain operations.
  • Features: Photoshop offers a more comprehensive suite of advanced features, including AI-powered tools (Neural Filters, Generative Fill), 3D design capabilities, video editing, and advanced color grading. GIMP provides basic to mid-level editing tools but has limitations in advanced design and automation compared to Photoshop.
  • User Experience: Photoshop is known for its polished and intuitive user interface, offering a streamlined workflow. GIMP, while functional, has a steeper learning curve and a less refined interface.
  • Compatibility: Photoshop offers superior compatibility with industry-standard PSD files and seamless integration within the Adobe Creative Cloud ecosystem. GIMP can open and export PSD files but may not support all Photoshop-specific functionalities like Smart Objects.
  • Cost: GIMP is free and open-source, making it a cost-effective alternative, whereas Photoshop operates on a subscription model.

Analysis of Overall Performance Status

Adobe Photoshop is designed for high performance, particularly on systems that meet or exceed its recommended hardware specifications. Its optimization for modern hardware, including GPU acceleration, ensures efficient handling of complex image manipulation tasks. While it can be demanding on system resources, leading to slower performance on under-specced machines, its stability and speed are generally superior to many alternatives, especially for professional workflows. The continuous development by Adobe aims to maintain its performance edge and integrate new technologies like AI. The company also demonstrates a commitment to environmental sustainability by setting ambitious targets to reduce its carbon footprint.

User Reviews & Feedback

Strengths

• Comprehensive Editing Capabilities: Users consistently praise Photoshop for its "endless editing options," "advanced selection and masking tools," and robust "layers and composition features" that provide precise control over image editing. It excels in photo retouching, color correction, and creating complex composites.
• Versatility and Features: Highlighted for its "versatility," Photoshop caters to a wide range of creative needs, including graphic design (logos, web/app design, print materials), digital art (paintings, drawings), and even basic video editing. Regular updates introduce "new features like AI-powered tools" (e.g., Neural Filters, Generative Fill) that enhance user experience and efficiency.
• Integration and Ecosystem: "Seamless integration with the Adobe Creative Cloud ecosystem" allows for smooth workflows with other Adobe applications like Illustrator and InDesign, which is a significant advantage for professionals.
• Professional Standard: Widely regarded as the industry standard, offering "unparalleled editing features" and "professional results."
• Customization: Provides a "highly customizable workspace" with adaptable toolbars, shortcuts, and panels to suit individual workflows.

Weaknesses

• Cost: The "expensive subscription model" is a frequent complaint, especially for freelancers, beginners, or those who do not require all advanced features. Many users express a preference for a one-time purchase option.
• Steep Learning Curve: The software's complexity and vast array of tools can be "overwhelming for beginners" and present a "high learning curve."
• Resource Intensity: Photoshop can be "resource intensive," leading to "slow performance" on less powerful systems or when handling "heavy files." Optimal performance often "demands a powerful system."
• Overkill for Simple Tasks: For basic editing needs, Photoshop can be considered "overkill" compared to simpler, more affordable tools.
• Limited Vector Editing: While it supports vector graphics, it offers "less support for vector graphics" compared to dedicated vector software like Adobe Illustrator.
• Other Concerns: Users occasionally report "compatibility issues," "occasional bugs," large file sizes for complex projects, and that "continuous updates may disrupt workflow."

Recommended Use Cases

Adobe Photoshop is the premier tool for professional photo editing and enhancement, including retouching, color correction, exposure adjustment, and creating photo composites. It is indispensable for graphic designers creating logos, web and app layouts, print materials, and social media graphics. Digital artists utilize it for paintings, drawings, and complex image manipulations. It also serves as a valuable tool for basic video editing and creating marketing visuals with consistent branding.

Summary

Adobe Photoshop stands as the industry-standard raster graphics editor, offering an unparalleled suite of tools for image manipulation, graphic design, and digital art. Its strengths lie in its comprehensive editing capabilities, continuous integration of AI-powered features, extensive customization options, and seamless interoperability within the Adobe Creative Cloud ecosystem. This makes it an indispensable asset for professionals across photography, graphic design, web design, and digital illustration, enabling precise control and high-quality output for a vast array of creative projects.

However, the asset presents notable weaknesses, primarily its subscription-based pricing model, which can be a significant barrier for individual users or those with limited budgets. Its steep learning curve often intimidates beginners, and its resource-intensive nature necessitates powerful hardware for optimal performance, leading to potential slowdowns on less capable systems. While versatile, it is not ideal for dedicated vector graphics work, and the continuous update cycle, while beneficial for features and security, can sometimes disrupt established workflows.

Overall, Adobe Photoshop is a powerful, feature-rich, and continuously evolving tool that remains the top choice for demanding creative professionals. Its robust security framework, coupled with regular updates, ensures a relatively secure environment, provided users stay current with patches. For enterprises and professionals requiring the highest level of image editing and design capabilities, the investment in Photoshop is justified by its performance, feature set, and ecosystem integration. For casual users or those with strict budget constraints, alternatives may be more suitable.

The information provided is based on publicly available data and may vary depending on specific device configurations. For up-to-date information, please consult official manufacturer resources.