CyberArk PAM

Basic Information

CyberArk Privileged Access Manager (PAM) is a comprehensive solution designed to secure, manage, and monitor privileged access across an enterprise's IT infrastructure. It focuses on protecting privileged accounts and credentials, which are primary targets for cyberattacks.

• Model: CyberArk Privileged Access Manager (PAM).
• Version: Current major versions are 14.x for self-hosted deployments and 14.1 for Privilege Cloud.
• Release Date: CyberArk PAM undergoes continuous development and updates, with major versions released periodically.
• Minimum Requirements: Varies significantly by component and deployment size (small, medium, large). Detailed in the Technical Requirements section.
• Supported Operating Systems: Varies by component, including Windows Server (2019, 2022) for core components and various Linux distributions (Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, Ubuntu) for others.
• Latest Stable Version: Current major versions are 14.x.
• End of Support Date: Varies by specific product version and component. Users should consult official CyberArk documentation and the end-of-life policy for precise dates.
• End of Life Date: Varies by specific product version and component. Users should consult official CyberArk documentation and the end-of-life policy for precise dates.
• License Type: Typically an enterprise-grade licensing model, often subscription-based, reflecting its comprehensive feature set and target market.
• Deployment Model: Supports on-premises (self-hosted), cloud (SaaS/Privilege Cloud), and hybrid deployment models, offering flexibility based on organizational infrastructure and security needs.

Technical Requirements

CyberArk PAM comprises several core components, each with specific technical requirements that scale with the size and complexity of the deployment. These requirements are substantial, reflecting an enterprise-grade solution.

• RAM:
  • Vault: Ranges from 32-64 GB for small implementations, 64-128 GB for medium, to 256 GB or more for large deployments.
  • Privileged Session Manager (PSM): Minimum 8 GB. RAM consumption scales with concurrent sessions; for instance, multiple Chrome sessions consume equivalent CPU and RAM resources.
  • Privileged Threat Analytics (PTA): Minimum 8 GB, with fluctuating RAM requirements based on load.
• Processor:
  • Vault: 8-12 physical cores (small), 24-48 physical cores (medium), 60 or more physical cores (large), all on x86-64 architecture.
  • PSM: Minimum 8-core processor (Intel compatible).
  • PTA: Intel x86_64 (Sandy Bridge or later Core, Tiger Lake or later Celeron/Pentium) or AMD x86_64 (Bulldozer or later). Requires AVX instruction set for its MongoDB component.
• Storage:
  • Vault: 2x 80 GB SSD for small implementations; 1x 80 GB SSD and 2x 512 GB SSD for medium and large. RAID 10 with SAS hot-swappable drives is recommended.
  • PSM: 80 GB free disk space for installation, plus an additional 80 GB for temporary workspace. Session recordings typically consume 50-250 KB per minute.
  • PTA: 500 GB total storage. For CIS hardened servers, this is split across partitions, with at least 200 GB for /var and 100 GB for /var/log.
• Display: Not a primary technical requirement for server components. Client machine display resolution and multiple monitors can impact PSM session concurrency.
• Ports: All CyberArk components communicate with the Digital Vault on TCP port 1858. Central Policy Manager (CPM) and Privileged Threat Analytics (PTA) communicate with Password Vault Web Access (PVWA) on TCP port 443. Standard ports and protocols are used for communication between components and managed devices.
• Operating System:
  • Vault, PVWA, CPM, PSM: Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2022. PSM also requires .NET Framework 4.8 and Microsoft Remote Desktop Services (RDS) Session Host.
  • PSM Gateway: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.x/9.x, Rocky Linux 8.x/9.x, Ubuntu 20.x/22.x (for Docker).
  • PTA: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 or later (Minimal Install), Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 or later (Minimal Install), Rocky Linux 8.6 or later (Minimal Install), AlmaLinux 8.6 or later (Minimal Install).

Analysis of Technical Requirements

The technical requirements for CyberArk PAM are robust, designed to support high availability, scalability, and security for enterprise environments. The modular architecture allows for distributed deployments, but each component demands significant resources. Virtualization is supported, provided the virtualized resources are equivalent to the recommended physical hardware specifications. Proper planning and provisioning are critical for optimal performance and to avoid bottlenecks, especially concerning PSM session concurrency and PTA's load-based resource consumption.

Support & Compatibility

CyberArk PAM offers extensive support and compatibility, crucial for its role in diverse enterprise IT landscapes.

• Latest Version: Current major versions are 14.x.
• OS Support: Broad support for enterprise operating systems, including Windows Server 2019/2022 for core components and various Linux distributions (Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, Ubuntu) for specific components like PSM Gateway and PTA.
• End of Support Date: CyberArk maintains an end-of-life policy for its products. Specific end-of-support dates vary by version and component; users should refer to official CyberArk documentation for detailed information.
• Localization: Supports multiple languages, with documentation available in English and Japanese. Some components, like PTA, specify "English-based operating systems" for installation.
• Available Drivers: While not using traditional "drivers," CyberArk PAM integrates with a wide array of third-party systems and applications. This includes directory services (e.g., Active Directory), Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, ticketing systems, and database tools (e.g., Oracle Toad, SQL*Plus).

Analysis of Overall Support & Compatibility Status

CyberArk PAM demonstrates strong compatibility with prevalent enterprise operating systems and critical IT infrastructure components. Its ability to integrate with various identity management systems, SIEMs, and other security tools ensures it can function effectively within complex environments. The continuous release of new versions and updates, along with a defined support lifecycle, indicates a commitment to ongoing compatibility and security. However, organizations must stay informed about specific version support dates to ensure continued security and access to updates.

Security Status

CyberArk PAM is built with a security-first mindset, incorporating multiple layers of defense to protect privileged access.

• Security Features:
  • Vaulting Technology: Securely stores privileged account credentials, SSH keys, and API keys in an encrypted digital vault.
  • Automated Password Rotation: Automatically changes and updates passwords for privileged accounts, reducing the risk of static credentials.
  • Privileged Session Management (PSM): Monitors, records, and controls privileged user sessions in real-time, ensuring accountability and enabling forensic analysis.
  • Privileged Threat Analytics (PTA): Employs advanced analytics to detect suspicious user behavior and potential threats.
  • Least Privilege Access: Enforces the principle of least privilege, granting users only the necessary permissions for their tasks.
  • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Strengthens security by requiring multiple forms of authentication.
  • Adaptive Access Controls: Dynamically adjusts access privileges based on contextual factors like user behavior and location.
  • Cloud Privilege Management: Extends PAM capabilities to cloud environments, securing cloud workloads and machine identities.
  • Endpoint Privilege Management: Secures devices and workstations by managing and controlling access to sensitive resources on endpoints.
  • Zero Trust Model Support: Verifies users and devices continuously, enforcing least privilege and adaptive MFA.
• Known Vulnerabilities: CyberArk regularly publishes security advisories and updates to address known vulnerabilities. Organizations are advised to keep their deployments updated and follow hardening guidelines.
• Blacklist Status: Not applicable for software.
• Certifications:
  • FIPS 140-2 Compliance: CyberArk's multi-layered encryption hierarchy is FIPS 140-2 compliant.
  • SOC-2 and ISO 27001: CyberArk Privilege Cloud services are hosted in facilities certified for SOC-2 and ISO 27001 compliance.
  • Professional Certifications: CyberArk offers various professional certifications (Defender, Sentry, Guardian) validating expertise in deploying and managing its PAM solutions.
• Encryption Support:
  • Data at Rest: Utilizes a multi-layered hierarchical encryption with AES-256 for symmetric encryption and RSA-2048 for asymmetric encryption. Each file and safe has a unique encryption key.
  • Data in Transit: All communications between CyberArk components are secured using TLS encryption. A proprietary protocol with a unique AES-256 session key, FIPS 140-2 compliant, secures communication with the Privilege Cloud Connector.
• Authentication Methods: Supports a wide range of primary authentication methods including CyberArk Password, LDAP, NT/Windows, OpenID Connect (OIDC), PKI, RADIUS, SAML, and Amazon Cognito. It also supports a secondary authentication layer for enhanced security, including MFA and SSO capabilities.
• General Recommendations: Best practices include system hardening, applying the latest security patches, disabling unnecessary services, restricting server access, implementing network segmentation (dedicated Vault zone, DMZ for remote access), avoiding direct Vault access for end-users, enforcing Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and ensuring separation of duties.

Analysis on the Overall Security Rating

CyberArk PAM maintains a very high overall security rating due to its comprehensive and multi-layered approach to privileged access security. Its core design principles emphasize extreme data durability, integrity, and protection against unauthorized access. The solution's adherence to FIPS 140-2 encryption standards, support for robust authentication mechanisms, and continuous monitoring capabilities make it a leading choice for organizations with stringent security and compliance requirements. Regular updates and adherence to CyberArk's security best practices are essential to leverage its full protective capabilities.

Performance & Benchmarks

CyberArk PAM is engineered for high performance and scalability, catering to the demanding needs of enterprise environments.

• Benchmark Scores: CyberArk provides a "PTA Server Benchmark Report" for performance metrics related to Privileged Threat Analytics.
• Real-World Performance Metrics:
  • Scalability: Designed to scale from small to large implementations, managing thousands of privileged accounts and sessions.
  • Session Capacity: PSM servers have a recommended concurrency of up to 100 sessions per server, though this can be influenced by client-side factors like display resolution and the number of concurrent Chrome sessions.
  • Efficiency: Automated password management and session monitoring features enhance operational efficiency by reducing manual administrative tasks.
• Power Consumption: Not directly applicable to software; depends on the underlying hardware infrastructure where CyberArk PAM components are deployed.
• Carbon Footprint: Not directly applicable to software; depends on the energy efficiency of the supporting data center or cloud infrastructure.
• Comparison with Similar Assets: CyberArk PAM is recognized as a market leader, distinguished by its specialized focus on privileged security, unlike broader Identity and Access Management (IAM) solutions. While often considered a more expensive solution, its comprehensive feature set and robust security capabilities justify the cost for large enterprises with complex security and compliance needs.

Analysis of the Overall Performance Status

CyberArk PAM delivers strong performance and scalability, making it suitable for organizations with extensive privileged access management requirements. Its architecture is designed to handle a high volume of concurrent sessions and credential rotations efficiently. Optimal performance relies heavily on adhering to CyberArk's recommended hardware specifications and architectural best practices, particularly for resource-intensive components like PSM and PTA. The solution's ability to automate critical security tasks also contributes to improved operational performance and reduced administrative overhead.

User Reviews & Feedback

User reviews and feedback highlight CyberArk PAM's strengths in security and compliance, while also pointing out challenges related to implementation and cost.

• Strengths:
  • Robust Security: Users consistently praise its strong security features, including secure session management, vaulting, and authentication processes, which are critical for preventing breaches.
  • Compliance and Auditing: Highly valued for its detailed audit logs, session recording, and reporting features, which help organizations meet stringent regulatory compliance requirements.
  • Automation: Appreciation for automation capabilities like seamless password rotation and integrations, enhancing efficiency.
  • Secure Connectivity: Enables secure remote access across various protocols.
  • Enterprise Suitability: Ideal for established enterprises with legacy systems and demanding compliance needs.
  • SaaS Offering: The availability of a SaaS-based solution is seen as a significant benefit.
• Weaknesses:
  • Complexity of Setup: Initial setup and configuration, especially for the PAM solution, can be complex, time-consuming, and often requires specialized expertise.
  • Higher Cost: Generally considered a more expensive solution compared to competitors, which can be a barrier for smaller businesses or those with budget constraints.
  • Feature Overload: The extensive range of features can be overwhelming, with not all features being relevant to every user.
  • Integration Difficulties: Users report challenges with integration, often requiring significant time and technical expertise.
  • Customer Support: Some users have noted concerns regarding response times and the availability of knowledgeable staff.
• Recommended Use Cases:
  • Securing privileged accounts and credentials across on-premises and cloud environments.
  • Meeting stringent regulatory compliance and audit requirements.
  • Protecting against advanced threats and preventing unauthorized access.
  • Managing access in hybrid and multi-cloud infrastructures.
  • Securing DevOps secrets and machine identities.
  • Protecting SaaS administrators and privileged business users.

Summary

CyberArk Privileged Access Manager (PAM) stands as a leading enterprise solution for securing and managing privileged access, a critical component of modern cybersecurity strategies. Its core strength lies in its robust security features, including advanced vaulting technology, automated credential rotation, real-time session monitoring, and sophisticated threat analytics. CyberArk PAM is highly effective in enforcing the principle of least privilege and supporting Zero Trust architectures, providing comprehensive protection against identity-based attacks. The solution's adherence to industry certifications like FIPS 140-2 and its multi-layered encryption for data at rest and in transit underscore its strong security posture.

However, the deployment and ongoing management of CyberArk PAM can be complex and resource-intensive, often requiring specialized expertise. Its enterprise-grade nature also translates to a higher cost compared to some alternatives. While offering extensive compatibility with various operating systems and integration capabilities with numerous third-party systems, organizations must carefully plan their architecture and resource allocation to ensure optimal performance and scalability.

In essence, CyberArk PAM is an indispensable tool for large organizations with stringent security and compliance requirements, particularly those dealing with complex hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Its ability to automate critical security tasks and provide granular control over privileged access significantly reduces the attack surface and enhances an organization's overall security posture. While the initial investment in terms of cost and complexity is notable, the long-term benefits in risk reduction, compliance adherence, and operational efficiency make it a highly valuable asset for securing the "keys to the kingdom."

The information provided is based on publicly available data and may vary depending on specific device configurations. For up-to-date information, please consult official manufacturer resources.